# Mowa i audio

EN: **Speech and audio** · id `audio`

Path: [AI Atlas](https://aiatlasgraph.com/llms.txt) › [Język, obraz, audio](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/modalities.md) › Mowa i audio

## Description

- PL: Analiza i synteza sygnału dźwiękowego.
- EN: Analysing and synthesising sound.

## In one sentence

- PL: To dziedzina, w której komputery słuchają, rozumieją i tworzą dźwięk: mowę, muzykę i odgłosy otoczenia.
- EN: This is the field where computers listen to, understand and create sound: speech, music and everyday noises.

## Problem it solves

- PL: Potrzebujesz informacji z nagrań albo nowych dźwięków, a ręczne odsłuchiwanie i przygotowanie wszystkiego zajmuje dużo czasu.
- EN: You need information from recordings or new sounds, and manually listening to or producing everything takes time.

## What it does

- PL: Modele uczą się wzorów dźwięku i ich związku ze słowami, żeby rozpoznawać nagrania lub tworzyć nowe brzmienia.
- EN: Models learn sound patterns and their links to words so they can recognise recordings or generate new audio.

## Everyday example

- PL: Mówisz do telefonu „ustaw budzik na siódmą”, a on cię rozumie i odpowiada głosem, że budzik jest ustawiony.
- EN: You tell your phone to set an alarm for seven, and it understands and confirms out loud.

## This concerns you if you…

- PL: pracujesz z nagraniami, muzyką lub głosem
- PL: chcesz rozmawiać z urządzeniami zamiast pisać
- PL: tworzysz podcasty, audycje lub dźwięk do filmów
- EN: work with recordings, music or voice
- EN: want to talk to devices instead of typing
- EN: make podcasts, broadcasts or film sound

## Keywords

mel spectrograms · sampling rate · neural audio codecs · Whisper · CTC · vocoder · AudioSet · EnCodec

## How it works

- PL: Przebieg falowy lub spektrogram koduje czas i częstotliwości sygnału w reprezentacji modelu. Klasyfikatory, modele sekwencyjne oraz generatory wiążą te cechy z etykietami, tekstem albo rekonstruowanym dźwiękiem.
- EN: Waveforms or spectrograms encode signal timing and frequencies in model representations. Classifiers, sequence models and generators connect these features to labels, text or reconstructed audio.

## Limits

- PL: Hałas, pogłos i nakładanie źródeł utrudniają separację informacji. Próbkowanie, kompresja i okna analizy wpływają na szczegóły; poprawny tekst nie opisuje całej treści dźwięku.
- EN: Noise, reverberation and overlapping sources complicate information separation. Sampling, compression and analysis windows affect detail; correct text does not describe all audio content.

## Key terms

- PL: **spektrogram**: Mapa energii częstotliwości w kolejnych oknach czasu.
- PL: **częstotliwość próbkowania**: Liczba pomiarów sygnału zapisywanych w jednostce czasu.
- EN: **spectrogram**: A map of frequency energy across successive time windows.
- EN: **sampling rate**: The number of signal measurements recorded per unit of time.

## Know first

- [Reprezentacje i embeddingi (Representation learning)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/representations.md)
- [Uczenie nadzorowane (Supervised learning)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/supervised.md)

## Examples

- PL: ASR · TTS · klasyfikacja dźwięku
- EN: ASR · TTS · audio classification

## Subtopics (10 direct, 39 in total)

- [Agenci głosowi (Real-time voice agents)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voiceagents.md): A system that conducts spoken conversations, understands utterances, makes decisions and completes tasks using models and tools.
  - [Architektury agentów głosowych (Voice agent architectures)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voicearch.md): Ways to combine speech understanding, agent decisions and voice generation: modular, integrated or with delegated reasoning.
    - [Głosowy front i osobny agent zadaniowy (Voice frontend with delegated reasoning)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/delegatedvoice.md): A voice model conducts the live conversation while delegating reasoning and tools to a separate text agent; the result returns to the spoken dialogue.
    - [Modele mowa–mowa (Speech-to-speech models)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/speech2speech.md): A model takes speech and generates speech without separate STT and TTS services in the pipeline. Its internal representation may still include text or transcription; tool use and context control depend on the model.
    - [Potok STT → agent tekstowy → TTS (Cascaded STT–text agent–TTS pipeline)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/cascadedpipeline.md): Separate speech recognition, a text agent and speech synthesis. Stages can be swapped, inspected and connected to an existing workflow.
  - [Ewaluacja agentów głosowych (Voice agent evaluation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voiceevals.md): Evaluating task success and conversational quality on real audio: tools, turns, interruptions, audible latency and robustness across speaking conditions.
    - [Ocena tur, przerwań i słyszalnego czasu reakcji (Turn-taking, interruption and audible-latency evaluation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/turnquality.md): Tests measure premature takeovers, unwanted silence, overlap, post-interruption behavior and time to a useful audible response.
    - [Odporność na akcent, hałas i cudzą mowę (Robustness to accents, noise and third-party speech)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/audiorobustness.md): The same tasks are tested with varied accents, noise and other speakers, tracking understanding, turns and task outcomes separately.
    - [Symulacje wieloturowych rozmów audio (Multi-turn audio conversation simulation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/audiosim.md): A simulated caller speaks with the agent through a full scenario, including pauses, corrections and interruptions; both dialogue and task state are evaluated.
    - [Weryfikacja wyniku zadania i narzędzi (Voice-agent task and tool outcome verification)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/taskoutcome.md): Evaluation compares spoken user intent, tool calls, final system state and the agent's spoken confirmation.
  - [Generowanie odpowiedzi w czasie rzeczywistym (Real-time spoken response generation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voicelatency.md): Preparing agent speech so a useful response begins promptly while the model remains responsive to further user speech.
    - [Strumieniowe przekazywanie odpowiedzi do mowy (Streaming model output into speech)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/streamingaggregation.md): Model output is passed to speech generation before the whole reply is complete; chunk boundaries affect latency and naturalness.
    - [Wyprzedzające generowanie odpowiedzi (Preemptive response generation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/preemptivegen.md): The agent starts model work before the user's turn is confirmed complete; continued user speech may require discarding or revising the response.
  - [Prowadzenie tur rozmowy (Turn-taking in voice agents)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/turndetection.md): Decisions about when to listen, start responding and allow simultaneous listening and speaking. Silence does not necessarily mean a thought is complete.
    - [Detekcja aktywności głosowej (VAD) (Voice activity detection)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/vad.md): Detecting speech segments in an audio stream. VAD can trigger downstream stages but does not itself determine whether the user has finished a turn.
    - [Dialog pełnodupleksowy (Full-duplex spoken dialogue)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/fullduplex.md): A system can receive speech and generate a response at the same time, handling overlap and listener backchannels. This can be achieved with an integrated model or by synchronizing modules.
    - [Kontekstowe wykrywanie tury (Context-aware turn detection)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/semanticturn.md): Estimating whether the user has completed a thought from semantic and/or acoustic cues. Implementations may use audio, a transcript or both.
  - [Przerwania i powrót do rozmowy (Interruption handling and recovery)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/bargein.md): Determining whether the user is interrupting, stopping the response and resuming the dialogue and task in line with what was already heard.
    - [Rozróżnianie przerwania od potakiwania i tła (Distinguishing interruptions from backchannels and background speech)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/spuriousinterrupt.md): After detecting audio, deciding whether the user wants to take the turn, is backchanneling or coughing, or another person spoke in the background.
    - [Usuwanie niesłyszanej części odpowiedzi z kontekstu (Aligning conversation context with played speech)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/heardcontext.md): After an interruption, remove generated speech the user did not hear from conversation history. The boundary depends on playback tracking and the API.
    - [Wznowienie zadania po przerwaniu (Task recovery after a voice interruption)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/interruptionrecovery.md): After the user interrupts, the agent handles the new request and returns to the right task step without repeating speech already heard.
  - [Rozumienie wypowiedzi w dialogu (Understanding spoken input in voice agents)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voiceaudio.md): Interpreting who is speaking and what they said, including uncertainty and exact data capture. ASR itself is a separate topic in the map.
    - [Dopytywanie przy niepewnej interpretacji mowy (Clarification under spoken-input uncertainty)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/inputclarification.md): When speech admits multiple interpretations, the agent asks a short clarifying question rather than guessing or taking action.
    - [Przechwytywanie i potwierdzanie dokładnych danych (Exact entity capture from speech)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/entitycapture.md): The agent captures spoken names, numbers and codes, clarifies ambiguous characters and reads back exact values for confirmation before using a tool.
    - [Rozpoznawanie właściwego rozmówcy (Target-speaker attribution in voice agents)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/speakerisolation.md): Distinguishing the user's speech from other speakers so background voices do not become commands or interruptions.
  - [Zadania i narzędzia w rozmowie (Task and tool orchestration in spoken dialogue)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voicetools.md): Using tools and completing multi-step tasks while keeping the conversation coherent. Calls may block or run in the background, depending on the API and agent design.
    - [Komunikowanie pracy narzędzia (Spoken progress cues during tool use)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/toollatencymask.md): The agent indicates it is working or waiting for a result while keeping its speech aligned with the actual operation state.
    - [Narzędzia działające w tle rozmowy (Non-blocking tools in spoken dialogue)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/asyncfunctions.md): The agent can keep conversing while a long-running task executes, then incorporate its result. Semantics and support vary across APIs.
    - [Potwierdzanie działań wykonywanych głosem (Spoken confirmation before consequential actions)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/spokenconfirm.md): Before an action that changes data, the agent speaks the intended action and consequence, waits for explicit confirmation and reports success only after the tool succeeds.
    - [Scenariusze i stan rozmowy (Stateful spoken workflows)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/voiceflows.md): The model conducts a multi-step conversation; changing the step affects instructions, available tools and transferred context.
- [Automatyczny zapis nut z nagrania (Automatic music transcription)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/musictranscription.md): This identifies the pitch and duration of notes heard in a recording.
- [Diaryzacja: kto kiedy mówi (Speaker diarization)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/speakerdiarization.md): This labels which parts of a conversation are spoken by the same person.
- [Dopasowanie tekstu do czasu nagrania (Forced alignment of speech and text)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/forcedalignment.md): This determines when words from a supplied text occur in a recording.
- [Generowanie muzyki i efektów dźwiękowych (Music and sound generation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/audiogen.md): Models that create music, sound effects or ambience from a text prompt (sometimes with a melody or lyrics), usually as language models over discrete audio tokens or as latent diffusion.
- [Oczyszczanie i poprawa jakości mowy (Speech enhancement)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/speechenhancement.md): This reduces interference to make a recorded voice clearer.
- [Rozdzielanie wokalu i instrumentów (Music source separation)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/musicseparation.md): This splits a finished music recording into separate sound parts.
- [Rozpoznawanie dźwięków i klasyfikacja nagrań (Audio and sound event classification)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/audioclassification.md): Assigning one or more labels that describe a recording, such as sound type, music genre, spoken command or language. Models often analyse a spectrogram or a learned audio representation; shared audio-text spaces also enable zero-shot classification.
- [Rozpoznawanie mowy / ASR (Automatic speech recognition)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/asr.md): Turning speech into text.
- [Synteza mowy / TTS (Text-to-speech)](https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/tts.md): Producing speech from text.

## Sources

- [Hugging Face · Audio Course](<https://huggingface.co/learn/audio-course/en/chapter0/introduction>) `audio` · reference: Dane audio, klasyfikacja, ASR, TTS i modele mowy.
- [Stanford CS231n · Computer Vision (2026)](<https://cs231n.stanford.edu/>) `vision` · reference: Sieci neuronowe i rozumienie obrazów.
- [Stanford CS336 · Language Modeling from Scratch (2025)](<https://cs336.stanford.edu/spring2025/>) `cs336` · reference: Budowa modeli, dane, trening, systemy, inferencja i post-training.

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AI Atlas revision 122 (2026-10-30) · HTML: https://aiatlasgraph.com/t/audio · index: https://aiatlasgraph.com/llms.txt · everything: https://aiatlasgraph.com/llms-full.txt · updated 2026-10-30